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Health

The Supreme Court Case That Will Determine The Future Of Gene Patenting

The Supreme Court is set to review a case in which it will determine whether the bio-pharmaceutical company Myriad Genetics Inc. may legally patent two cancer-related human genes, paving the way for a decision that will have broad-based economic and regulatory ramifications for the biotech and drug industries — as well as for the millions of Americans whose health care may increasingly depend on such cutting-edge innovations.

Back in August, the D.C. Federal Circuit Court of Appeals ruled by a 2-1 margin that Myriad could patent the detection of two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, that have been linked to a heightened chance of breast and ovarian cancer in women. While Myriad and other bio-tech firms argue that such patenting is necessary to spur and protect innovation in diagnostic medical testing, critics — including the ACLU, AARP, and the AMA — warn that it could actually have the opposite effect, stifling the standardization of such testing methods and commoditizing naturally-occurring human biology:

Peter Meldrum, Myriad’s chief executive, said in a statement that the Supreme Court’s ultimate decision could affect the providing of medical treatment to hundreds of millions of people. He said Myriad’s own diagnostic test has helped nearly 1 million people learn about their risk of hereditary cancer.

“The discovery and development of pioneering diagnostics and therapeutics require a huge investment and our U.S. patent system is the engine that drives this innovation,” he said.

Many outside groups supported the petitioners, including the AARP, the American Medical Association, the American Society of Human Genetics, the March of Dimes Foundation, the National Breast Cancer Foundation and several women’s health groups.

“Some critics say it is unjust to give a company a monopoly over something as intrinsic to people’s health as their genes,” said Josephine Johnston, a research scholar at The Hastings Center, a independent bioethics research institute in Garrison, New York, who is not involved in the Myriad case.

“From an ethics perspective, one could argue that genes are owned by everybody, and that patenting them amounts to a commodification of an element of the human body,” she added.

The D.C. appellate court’s ruling also harbors a potential conflict with an earlier Supreme Court finding in which the court found that a pharmaceutical company could not patent “observations about natural phenomena.”

Justice

Police Can Record Video Inside Your Home Without A Warrant, Appeals Court Says

Earlier this year, the U.S. Supreme Court provided some comfort to those fearing the seemingly limitless potential of new technologies to enable government privacy invasion. In holding that police could not attach a GPS device to a car and track it for 30 days without a warrant, the court said, “At bottom, we must ‘assur[e] preservation of that degree of privacy against government that existed when the Fourth Amendment was adopted.’”

But don’t get too comfortable. A federal appeals court ruled last week that police can secretly videotape a suspect’s home without a warrant. In a case about the suspected sale of bald eagle feathers and pelts – a misdemeanor crime — the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that undercover police admitted into the suspect’s home as interested buyers of pelts did not violate the Fourth Amendment when they secretly videotaped the suspect’s home:

We are persuaded that it is not “constitutionally relevant” whether an informant utilizes an audio-video device, rather than merely an audio recording device, to record activities occurring inside a home, into which the informer has been invited. When Wahchumwah invited Agent Romero into his home, he forfeited his expectation of privacy as to those areas that were “knowingly expose[d] to” Agent Romero. Wahchumwah cannot reasonably argue that the recording violates his legitimate privacy interests when it reveals no more than what was already visible to the agent.

The decision doesn’t entirely break new ground. At least one other federal appeals court has upheld the use of video recordings inside the home, and just last month, a lower federal court reached a similar conclusion.

But the case raises the same sorts of concerns that several concurring justices emphasized in the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision last term in United States v. Jones: What scope of surveillance will not violate our present understanding of a “reasonable expectation of privacy”? At what point are we, as Justice Sonia Sotomayor cautions in Jones, “making available at a relatively low cost such a substantial quantum of intimate information about any person whom the Government, in its unfettered discretion, chooses to track, may ‘alter the relationship between citizen and government in a way that is inimical to democratic society’”? Electronic Frontier Foundation staff attorney Hanni Fakhoury elaborates on this concern:

[T]he sad truth is that as technology continues to advance, surveillance becomes “voluntary” only by virtue of the fact we live in a modern society where technology is becoming cheaper, easier and more invasive. The Wahchumwah case exemplifies this: on suspicion of nothing more than the benign misdemeanor of selling eagle feathers, the government got to intrude inside the home and record every intimate detail it could: books on a shelf, letters on a coffee table, pictures on a wall. And we’re entering an age where criminal suspicion is no longer even necessary. Whether you’re calling a friend’s stolen cell phone and landing on the NYPD massive database of call logs, driving into one of the increasing number of cities using licenseplatescanners to record who comes in or out, or walking somewhere close to hovering drones, innocent people are running the risk of having their personal details stored in criminal databases for years to come.

The fractured majority in United States v. Jones didn’t provide much guidance about where the court will draw future lines on surveillance, relying instead upon the fact that the Jones case involved a physical trespass — a type of privacy violation of particular constitutional concern. Of course, the Ninth Circuit case involved a physical intrusion in the place subject to the greatest Fourth Amendment protection – the home. Whether it became something other than a trespass — and sufficient grounds to authorize invasive surveillance – because the suspect unknowingly admitted the undercover officer into his home is another question that may be for ripe for Supreme Court consideration.

Climate Progress

Showtime To Air Climate Change Series From James Cameron, Jerry Weintraub and Arnold Schwarzenegger

“YEARS OF LIVING DANGEROUSLY” to feature Matt Damon, Don Cheadle and Alec Baldwin as first-person narrators on the ground; series also to be executive produced by “60 Minutes” veterans Joel Bach & David Gelber.

I could not be more excited to announce the upcoming Showtime TV event, “Years of Living Dangerously,” a 6- to 8-part documentary series focusing on climate change, impacts and solutions.

I am the Technical Advisor for the first-of-its-kind series, which means I help advise the producers which scientists and experts they should talk to on a given story. Ultimately I’ll be looking out for any technical mistakes in the final product — which is set to air in late summer or fall 2013 — although we are assembling a science advisory board of A-list climatologists to help in that regard.

The talent that has been put together for this effort is amazing. The former “60 Minutes” producers who are exec-producing and co-exec-producing have a combined 18 Emmys! I’ve gotten to know Gelber and Bach — and they are both first rate. The print journalists involved have a combined 5 Pulitzers.

Arnold Schwarzenegger, of course, is the former Republican governor of California who enacted the nation’s most sweeping climate law, which mandates deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. James Cameron needs no introduction, but I can tell you that not only is he one of the most creative and imaginative people I’ve ever met, but he is also deeply passionate and knowledgeable about climate change.

Here is the Showtime release, with more background on the project and the participants:

Read more

Economy

Democratic Senator Rightly Notes That The Debt Ceiling Is Pointless

As part of President Obama’s initial offer on a plan to deal with the so-called “fiscal cliff,” the administration proposed doing away with requiring Congressional action to increase the debt ceiling. Instead, the debt ceiling would automatically accommodate the amount of debt Congress’ budgets accumulate, unless Congress acted to prevent an increase.

Republicans were apoplectic, with Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX) calling it “outrageous” (while displaying that he doesn’t actually understand how the debt ceiling works). Sen. Max Baucus (D-MT), though, rightly noted that the way for Congress to not increase the debt is to simply not pass budgets that increase the debt:

“It’s anachronistic,” said Senator Max Baucus, a Montana Democrat and chairman of the Finance Committee. “We’ve already voted on spending and revenue, and so the debt ceiling is just a confirmation of what we voted on.”

As the Government Accountability Office noted, “The debt limit does not control or limit the ability of the federal government to run deficits or incur obligations. Rather, it is a limit on the ability to pay obligations already incurred.” Having the debt ceiling as a separate vote that Congress must take merely gives a determined minority the ability to take it hostage, threatening the entire economy with it.

NEWS FLASH

NYPD Says, ‘It Gets Better’ | The New York Police Department is the latest police department to record an “It Gets Better” video. The clip opens with Police Commissioner Ray Kelly reaffirming the bureau’s commitment to working with the LGBT community to protect its members from illegal harassment, abuse, and assault. School safety, anti-bullying, and hate crimes also remain priorities. Numerous police officers and detectives share their coming out stories. Watch it:

Alyssa

Three Stories To Watch On The Duchess of Cambridge’s Pregnancy

As someone who has read Tina Brown’s The Diana Chronicles more times than I care to admit, and who harbors a streak of deep and abiding corniness, will confess to being happy at the news that the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge are expecting their first child together. But it’s not just the Royals-watcher in me that’s curious to see how Kate Middleton’s pregnancy plays out. Here are three things I’m thinking of as the media frenzy commences:

1. How will her pregnancy affect the ongoing debate over British press laws? When Princess Diana was pregnant, Queen Elizabeth made a special appeal to the press to consider how they treated the Princess of Wales, given how badly she was suffering from morning sickness, an affliction that also appears to plague her daughter-in law. This time, Kate Middleton’s pregnancy comes in the middle of an event that could put even more pressure on British publications: the release of the Leveson Report into the phone hacking scandal that proposed a much more rigorous regulation scheme for the British press. How British tabloids pursue the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge could end up affecting public sentiment about the Leveson recommendations.

2. It’s crazy-retro to have your job be getting pregnant, but at least that recognizes that pregnancy is work: Usually, we’re uncomfortable discussing the extent to which being pregnant is hard work until it comes to giving birth: then, we call the process labor. Some informal rituals have sprung up to acknowledge the physical work that goes into carrying a child, like the idea of so-called push presents for a partner who’s given birth (the all-time best of those? The biker boots Tim Burton gave Helen Bonham Carter after the birth of their fourth child.). We’re comfortable with the idea that surrogates should be compensated (and we don’t treat them like insane throwbacks, in part because surrogacy isn’t usually a full-time job). But all of these conversations still shy away from the nine-plus months of work that happens before a woman goes into labor, and for state support for women whose pregnancies aren’t as high-profile affairs as the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge’s. The United States is the only Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member country that doesn’t mandate paid parental leave schemes for new parents. It may be insanely old-fashioned for a woman to have as her career goals having two children. But at least when she does, everyone recognizes that she should get totally comprehensive, affordable health care coverage.

3. Boys are no longer the prize: I wrote about this earlier today, but for the first time, a Royal pregnancy doesn’t have to produce a boy to be successful. If Kate has a girl, she gets to be Queen, period, without any worry that she’ll be leapfrogged by a younger brother. That’s awesome, and shockingly overdue.

Health

Nevada Tea Party Group Backs Away From An Anti-Abortion Agenda

Tea Party leaders in Nevada are trying to shape the future of their movement in the aftermath of the 2012 election. And back away from the Republican party’s anti-abortion agenda is one of the first goals that Art Gisi and Cathie Lynn Profant, the co-leaders of the Grass Roots Tea Party of Nevada, want to pursue:

A woman’s right to choose abortion is the law of the land and should be accepted, they said Tuesday at the group’s first post-election meeting following a year in which Republicans were accused of waging a “war on women.” [...]

“Nevada’s changing and we as Republicans are going to need to step up or we’re not going to win any more elections,” Profant said. “By staying back here, the rest of the country is leaving us.” [...]

Gisi said tea party groups need to back moderate candidates who share their conservative fiscal views, including for limited government and spending.

He said it’s time to stop focusing on abortion and other social issues, which allow Democrats to paint Republicans as anti-women.

About two-thirds of voters in Nevada agree that abortion should be legal, according to exit poll data. And it’s a question that Nevadans essentially settled in 1990 when they approved a ballot measure codifying a woman’s right to have an abortion “as determined in the 1973 Roe v. Wade U.S. Supreme Court decision.” Anti-choice advocates tried to put a “personhood” amendment on Nevada’s ballot this year, which would have severely limited abortion and even contraception access by defining life as beginning at conception, but failed to gain enough support to put the issue up for a vote.

Nevada Tea Party supporters are not the only people rethinking the Republican party’s anti-abortion strategy. Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) suggested shortly after the November election that Republicans should stop focusing on abortion if the GOP wants to appeal to broader group of Americans, which led one anti-choice group to call on Republicans to “drop” the party’s former presidential candidate. And in Ohio, state Senate leaders will not vote on two controversial anti-abortion measures during their lame duck session, citing Mitt Romney’s loss as one reason they don’t have enough support for the legislation.

Justice

Six Wisconsin Lawmakers Backed Arresting Federal Officials Who Implement Health Reform

Nineteenth Century nullificationist Senator John C. Calhoun

According to newly released emails, six members of the Wisconsin legislature told a tea party group that they backed an unconstitutional plan to arrest federal officials charged with implementing the Affordable Care Act:

Lawmakers who backed the idea of arresting federal officials who try to implement Obamacare received both praise and condemnation from their constituents, as well as a round of media inquiries, newly released emails show.

In responding, the six lawmakers generally downplayed their support for the idea even though they told the tea party-aligned Campaign for Liberty they approved of the notion.

The emails, released under the state’s open records law, also show an aide to Sen. Mary Lazich (R-New Berlin) advised her to turn down an offer to talk about Obamacare on Greta Van Susteren’s program on Fox News because of the Campaign for Liberty survey. . . . Lazich and five other lawmakers — along with three others who will be sworn in in January — told the Campaign for Liberty they backed passing a law to “nullify” the Affordable Care Act and arrest federal officials who tried to implement it. The idea, disputed by legal scholars, is based on the belief that under the 10th Amendment states can choose to ignore federal laws.

As ThinkProgress has repeatedly explained, state laws purporting to nullify federal laws — much less state laws that would subject federal officials to arrest for carrying out their official duties — are a world of unconstitutional. The Constitution expressly states that duly enacted federal laws “shall be the supreme law of the land,” regardless of whether state lawmakers disagree with those laws.

Economy

Republicans Revert To Pre-Election Tax Plan: Promise To Raise Revenue By Magic

After spending weeks insisting that they don’t need to release additional details for a proposal to avert the so-called fiscal cliff, House Republicans publicized a counter offer to President Obama’s plan on Monday. The plan is similar to the vague outline Mitt Romney proposed during the election and offers few specifics as to how Republicans aim to raise the revenue they’ve promised.

The $2.2 trillion blueprint extends Bush tax cuts for all Americans, including the wealthiest two percent, but finds $800 billion in revenue from “tax reform” by limiting or closing unspecified tax loopholes, deductions, and lowering tax rates. Significantly, the higher revenues will be identified by the relevant House committees next year, and will not be included in the immediate down payment. The plan also enacts an array of mandatory and discretionary spending cuts:

– $600 billion in health savings, including raising the Medicare eligibility age from 65 to 67.

– $300 billion from savings in other mandatory programs.

– $200 billion by applying a less generous measure of inflation to Social Security and Medicare benefits.

– $300 billion in cuts to agency budgets.

In a letter to President Obama, House Speaker John Boehner (R-OH) reiterated the GOP’s support for Rep. Paul Ryan’s (R-WI) reforms to Medicare and Medicaid, which would shift health care costs to seniors and lower-income Americans. The letter does not, mention raising the debt ceiling — for which Boehner has pledged to extract a concession — extending the payroll tax cut or unemployment benefits.

Update

The White House rejects the plan:

The Republican letter released today does not meet the test of balance. In fact, it actually promises to lower rates for the wealthy and sticks the middle class with the bill. Their plan includes nothing new and provides no details on which deductions they would eliminate, which loopholes they will close or which Medicare savings they would achieve. Independent analysts who have looked at plans like this one have concluded that middle class taxes will have to go up to pay for lower rates for millionaires and billionaires. “

Update

Boehner’s plan would also allow the payroll tax reduction to expire.

Update

House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) has announced that Democrats will file “a discharge petition, to force a vote on extending the middle income tax cut, on Tuesday at noon.”

Media

13-Year-Old Girl Asks Easy Bake Oven To End Sexist Ads: ‘I Want My Brother To Know That It’s Not Wrong’ To Cook

Thirteen year old Mckenna Pope’s little brother loves to cook. But when he watches the commercials for a product he’s hoping to get for Christmas — the Easy Bake Oven — he only sees girls playing with the toy. Because of that, he believes that “only girls play with it.”

Pope is hoping to change that perception with a video and a petition. She is asking Hasboro — maker of the Easy Bake Oven — to start putting boys in their commercials, so that her little brother sees it’s okay for boys to cook:

[B]oys are not featured in packaging or promotional materials for Easy Bake Ovens — this toy my brother’s always dreamed about. And the oven comes in gender-specific hues: purple and pink.

I feel that this sends a clear message: women cook, men work. [...]

I want my brother to know that it’s not “wrong” for him to want to be a chef, that it’s okay to go against what society believes to be appropriate. There are, as a matter of fact, a multitude of very talented and successful male culinary geniuses, i.e. Emeril, Gordon Ramsey, etc. Unfortunately, Hasbro has made going against the societal norm that girls are the ones in the kitchen even more difficult.

Watch her appeal:

For a 13-year-old, Pope’s assessment is incredibly on-message with what experts understand about the link between confidence and gender stereotypes. Societal reinforcement of traditional gender roles can lead children to doubt their own ability, as evidenced by girls’ lack of confidence in mathematics based on their parents’ enforcement of gender stereotypes.

Pope’s petition has gathered over 18,000 signatures so far.

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