
Glacial melt. Invasive species. Mudslides. Erosion. Mountains around the world are seeing major changes accelerated by a warming planet.
Mountains represent 25% of the earth’s surface and host 13% of the world’s population. Warming-fueled changes are threatening sensitive ecosystems, water resources, climbing routes, and, in turn, the way of life in local communities (see “As Warming Glaciers Retreat, What Will Become of Peru’s Cordillera Blanca and Its Water Supply?“)
Below is a list of five iconic mountains — known for their cultural, resource, and recreational significance — that are being directly impacted by climate change.
1. Mount Everest
As the highest mountain in the world, Everest is widely known. But this iconic mountain, located in the Himalayas, has changed dramatically in recent years as snow and ice melt makes climbing routes more dangerous. Some locals fear that the mountain will soon be unclimbable:
Apa Sherpa, the Nepali climber who has conquered Mount Everest a record 21 times, said he was disturbed by the lack of snow on the world’s highest peak, caused by rising temperatures.
“In 1989 when I first climbed Everest there was a lot of snow and ice but now most of it has just become bare rock. That, as a result, is causing more rockfalls which is a danger to the climbers,” he told AFP.
“Also, climbing is becoming more difficult because when you are on a mountain you can wear crampons but it’s very dangerous and very slippery to walk on bare rock with crampons.”
According to the International Center for Integrated Mountain Development, glaciers in the Himalayas have declined by 21 percent in the last three decades. And this isn’t just bad for climbers and for local tourism. It’s a massive threat to 1.3 billion people living downstream from this important water source.
2. The Matterhorn
The Matterhorn is one of Europe’s tallest mountains. Located in the Alps, it offers climbers dozens of unique technical climbs. (And for someone not looking to be one of hundreds who’ve died on the mountain, there’s also a cable car). However, climate change is threatening both climbers and cable car riders as warming temperatures cause the mountain to break apart:
Researchers from the University of Zurich, who have been studying the mountain closely since 2007, say melting water is permeating exposed cracks and crevices on the 4,478m (14,690ft) mountain, which straddles the Swiss-Italian boarder. Subsequent cycles of freezing and thawing in these gaps are creating subtle movements under the rock surface, causing ever-widening fissures with the result that lumps of rock are falling off, the researchers say.
The crumbling of the Matterhorn is symptomatic of what’s happening in the rest of the Alps, say the report’s authors. That could mean major safety hazards for cable cars and hiking routes on other mountains in the region.
3. Mount McKinley
Also known as Denali, Mount McKinley is the highest peak in North America. Located in Alaska’s Denali National Park, the popular mountain attracts some of the most experienced climbers in the world.
However, Alaska is warming much faster than the rest of the United States. According to the U.S. Global Research Program, Alaska has seen temperatures increase at twice the rate of the lower 48 states. That’s causing glaciers to retreat, helping invasive species thrive, and accelerating thawing permafrost — steadily changing the landscape around Denali. The National Park Service warned of the consequences to park visitors in a recent report:
Shrinking glaciers and heavy snowmelt make it more likely that the frozen walls of glacial lakes will fail, triggering flash floods and debris flows that could endanger park workers and visitors, the report said.
At Denali National Park, one of the state’s top tourist destinations, once-frozen hillsides are unleashing cascades of mud as they thaw, causing problems along the lone road that snakes through the heart of the park.
Denali may not be crumbling like the Matterhorn or melting as quickly as Everest, but the mountain and the surrounding landscape are experiencing noticeable changes in a very short period of time — and those changes are only accelerating.
Read more