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Immigration

Immigration Bill Would Lower Country’s Deficit By $197 Billion Over 10 Years

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated on Tuesday that passage of the Senate’s comprehensive immigration bill, known as S.744, would decrease federal budget deficits by $197 billion over a ten year period between 2014 to 2023. It also estimates that 8 million undocumented immigrants would be legalized.

Between 2024 and 2033, the CBO estimates that the federal budget deficits would be cut by $700 billion.

The CBO’s estimate blasts the conservative argument that immigration reform is costly out of the water. The report contradicts the $6 trillion cost estimate used by conservative groups like the Heritage Foundation, who as far back as 2007 have been successful in helping to derail immigration reform efforts.

But these numbers will be harder to push now that the CBO has weighed in. Many Republican senators have praised the CBO. Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-IA), who is adamantly opposed to the legislation, has said that the CBO is “like God.”

Sports

Why Students And Taxpayers Are Subsidizing College Sports — And How We Might Fix It

(Credit: AP)

America’s colleges and universities used more than $2 billion in student fees — an average of more than $500 per student — to subsidize rapidly growing university athletic budgets, as Ohio University professor Richard Vedder wrote at BloombergView today. Those fees can top $1,000 a year at some schools, and as Vedder writes, reliance on them ends up making college more expensive for students and often places the burden on the poorest students. And most of the time, students don’t even know they’re paying the fees.

In addition to student fees, athletic programs are relying more on money from general university budgets, so taxpayers are also spending millions of dollars a year to cover shortfalls as athletic budgets continue to grow faster than academic budgets. But as Vedder noted, and as this chart from a study by the Delta Cost Project shows, that isn’t happening at the biggest, richest athletic programs, with a few notable exceptions. Rather, it becomes a problem in the bottom half of the Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) and gets worse in the Football Championship Subdivision (formerly Division I-AA) and at non-football Division I schools:

That may make it seem like we’re dealing with two separate problems when we talk about college sports, then: one at the biggest schools, where amateurism and paying college players is the biggest issue, and another at the smaller schools, where rising budgets and increased student subsidies are the biggest problems. But those problems might actually be linked, because as Sports On Earth’s Patrick Hruby has reported, amateurism and tax-exempt statuses of athletic departments have increased costs and inflated budgets at the biggest schools. Small schools don’t have to keep up dollar-for-dollar, but the inflation still trickles down because they operate in the same market when it comes to recruiting, facilities, and coaches. Unlike the large schools, though, they don’t have TV networks and revenue streams to cover the growing costs.

Defenders of the NCAA status quo aren’t wrong when they assert that smaller schools probably can’t afford to operate in a system that compensates players. But is that really a bad thing? Ending the amateurism ruse would separate the athletic departments that can afford to participate in such a system (and despite their claims, most of the biggest schools can) from those that can’t compete in a system that includes schools like Texas, Kentucky, and Ohio State. That reality would let smaller schools exchange the big-budget recruiting trips, the expensive cross-country game travel, and the shiny new facilities of the current system for a model that treats intercollegiate sports like the extracurricular activities NCAA defenders say they are. Because while the big business of college sports is thriving at the top and would continue to do so even if athletes are compensated, treating sports as a business clearly doesn’t make sense in the middle or at the bottom of Division I. Right now, though, there’s more incentive to ask for subsidies than to accept a scaled-back athletic program.

Schools argue that they use sports to attract students, and thus subsidizing sports is a smart use of their resources. But that doesn’t really work. Data show that national championships boost enrollment, but most of these small schools aren’t competing for national titles, and Vedder notes that 72 percent of students in a recent poll said sports had an “extremely unimportant” or “unimportant” role in their school choice. So if Florida Gulf Coast is relying on a lightning-in-a-bottle Sweet 16 run every March to survive as a school, or if Appalachian State needs a once-in-a-lifetime upset to attract students, that’s an indication not that they need sports but that they’re running a misguided operation. And fleecing unwitting students and taxpayers to prop up a bad business model doesn’t make any sense at all.

Security

Wall Street Journal Columnist Calls Allegations Of Sexual Assault ‘A He-Said/She-Said Dispute’

Conservative commentator James Taranto, in an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal on Monday night, detailed a set of allegations of sexual assault in the military before concluding that they amounted to a “he-said/she-said dispute” that only revealed “a political campaign against sexual assault in the military that shows signs of becoming an effort to criminalize male sexuality.” All of it, he argues, amounts to a “war on men.”

Taranto tried, without much success, to tie his grievances to Sen. Claire McCaskill’s (D-MO) attempt to stall the nomination of a Lt. Gen. Susan Helms to be vice commander of the Air Force Space Command. McCaskill is holding up the nomination because Helms once granted clemency to a man in the military accused of sexual assault.

But ultimately, Taranto’s greivances — which are simply against a changing culture that is starting to hold men accountable for treating women like objects — came through in his piece. And they had nothing to do with McCaskill’s, or Helms:

It’s fair to say that Capt. Herrera seems to have a tendency toward sexual recklessness. Perhaps that makes him unsuitable to serve as an officer in the U.S. Air Force. But his accusers acted recklessly too. The presumption that reckless men are criminals while reckless women are victims makes a mockery of any notion that the sexes are equal.

What’s worse, Taranto followed up his op-ed with an appearance on Wall Street Journal’s video channel, where he argued that “female sexual freedom” is responsible for a “war on men,” and that war is embodied in allegations of sexual assault. During that interview, he also said that a woman alleging assault and a man denying it “differed… on whether she consented.” Taranto also cast doubt on the report because someone present “didn’t even hear this going on.”

“What does female sexual freedom mean?” Taranto added, “It means, for this woman, that she had the freedom to get drunk and get in the back seat of a car with this guy.”

Security

NSA Director Unable To Say If Secret Programs Alone Foiled Terrorist Plots

NSA Director Gen. Keith Alexander (Credit: AP)

The head of the National Security Agency (NSA) on Tuesday admitted that government surveillance programs contributed to but were not fully responsible for preventing terrorist plots.

Since their revelation, the programs — which involve the collection of metadata of every phone call in the United States and monitoring Internet content of foreign nationals outside of the U.S. — have sparked a massive debate over the scope of the programs, their initial secrecy, the manner in which they were revealed, and particularly whether they’re the most effective way to discover potential terrorist attacks before they occur.

To counter these critiques, NSA Director Gen. Keith Alexander told the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence that more than 50 potential terrorist plots were foiled, of which “just over ten” were within the United States, through the use of the controversial data-gathering projects. While promising to bring forward documents detailing those plots to the committee in a later classified hearing, Alexander and his colleagues gave new details about four plots they say were halted through the surveillance. These include a previously disclosed plot to conduct an attack on the New York City subway system and a newly revealed plan to bomb the New York Stock Exchange.

The officials’ testimony gave the clearest picture yet how the NSA’s surveillence operates, but not all of the committee members were willing to accept vague guarantees that the metadata collection was vital in halting these plots. “I don’t think its adequate to say that 702 and 215 authorities ‘contributed to’ our preventing fifty episodes,” Rep. Jim Himes (D-CT) told Alexander, referring to the sections of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) and PATRIOT Act that greenlight the NSA programs under scrutiny. “I think it’s really essential that you grade the importance of that contribution,” he went on, before directly asking how many of the fifty plots would not have been stopped were it not for the NSA’s surveillance.

In response, Gen. Alexander clarified that only the slightly more than ten plots that had a “domestic nexus” would have been able to be targeted using the metadata program Hines asked about. Of the other plots, the ability to view Internet content under the FISA’s ‘contributed’ to 90 percent of the cases, according to Alexander, without providing the grade Himes requested. The general was also unable to pin down just how critical the NSA’s ability to gain access to business records under the PATRIOT Act, such as the metadata gathering from Verizon that set off the whole scandal, to preventing those attacks. “If we now look at those [domestic cases], the vast majority of those had a contribution by business records FISA,” Alexander said.

Himes tried to press further for a clear answer on which plots the data gather was essential to stopping, but was rebuffed by Deputy FBI Director Sean Joyce. “I would just add to Gen. Alexander’s comments and I think you ask an almost impossible question, to say how important each dot was,” Joyce said, claiming that every tool covered during the hearing is essential and vital. “You ask ‘How can you put the value on American life?’ and I can tell you it’s priceless,” Joyce concluded.

Update

An earlier version of this article mistakenly referred to Rep. Jim Himes as Jim “Hines,” which has since been corrected.

LGBT

Landmark Study Finds Widespread Anti-Gay Housing Discrimination

In the first study of its kind, a report by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) found that same-sex couples experience unfavorable treatment in the online rental housing market as compared to opposite-sex couples. Across all 50 metropolitan areas studied, inquiries sent to housing providers advertising their rental properties on the Internet were significantly less likely to receive a response when the applicants were listed as a same-sex couple.

According to the report:

Same-sex couples are significantly less likely than heterosexual couples to get favorable responses to e-mail inquiries about electronically advertised rental housing. Comparing our gross measures of discrimination, heterosexual couples were favored over gay male couples in 15.9 percent of tests and over lesbian couples in 15.6 percent of tests.

While there is no federal law banning discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity in employment, public accommodations, or housing, 20 states and more than 240 localities offer at least some protections against housing discrimination against gay, lesbian, and bisexual people. The study found that the rates of discrimination was very slightly higher in states with legal protections, but at least same-sex couples in those states have some legal recourse in those situations. And since the study only looked at state-level legislative protection and ignored local protections applying to municipalities, that statistic could be misleading.

Even though discrimination based on race in housing has been illegal nationally since the 1968 Fair Housing Act, African-Americans and other racial minorites are still facing discrimination. A recent HUD-Urban Institute study found realtors consistently show white buyers more homes than African-American and Asian-American buyers with similar credit qualifications and housing interests.

While legal protections are an important tool in the fight against discrimination, these studies show that they are only one part of a broader solution.

(HT: The Huffington Post)

Climate Progress

‘Every Plant And Tree Died’: Huge Alberta Pipeline Spill Raises Safety Questions As Keystone Decision Looms

A section of the 100-plus acres contaminated by toxic waste in northern Alberta (Credit: Nathan Vanderklippe/Dene Tha)

As the Obama administration’s decision regarding whether to approve the controversial Keystone XL pipeline draws nearer, the latest disaster is raising serious concerns about the safety of Canada’s rapidly expanding pipeline network.

A massive toxic waste spill from an oil and gas operation in northern Alberta is being called one of the largest recent environmental disasters in North America. First reported on June 1, the Texas-based Apache Corp. didn’t reveal the size of the spill until June 12, which is said to cover more than 1,000 acres.

Members of the Dene Tha First Nation tribe are outraged that it took several days before they were informed that 9.5 million liters of salt and heavy-metal-laced wastewater had leaked onto wetlands they use for hunting and trapping.

“Every plant and tree died” in the area touched by the spill, said James Ahnassay, chief of the Dene Tha.

As the Globe and Mail reports, the Apache disaster is not an anomaly:

The leak follows a pair of other major spills in the region, including 800,000 litres of an oil-water mixture from Pace Oil and Gas Ltd., and nearly 3.5 million litres of oil from a pipeline run by Plains Midstream Canada.

After those accidents, the Dene Tha had asked the Energy Resources Conservation Board, Alberta’s energy regulator, to require installation of pressure and volume monitors, as well as emergency shutoff devices, on aging oil and gas infrastructure. The Apache spill has renewed calls for change.

Following initial speculation that the leak stemmed from aging infrastructure, officials from Apache Corp. revealed that the pipeline was only five years old and had been designed to last for 30.

The incident comes on the heels of accusations from the provincial New Democratic Party that Alberta Energy Minister Ken Hughes is withholding the results of an internal pipeline safety report pending the U.S. government’s decision regarding Keystone XL. The report was commissioned last summer by Alberta Energy following a series of toxic spills — including the Plains Midstream Canada spill that leached 475,000 liters of oil into the Red Deer River, a major source of drinking water for central Alberta.

According to Winnipeg Free Press, “an engineering firm completed the technical report last fall and presented the findings to the government, which sent the findings to the Energy Resources Conservation Board for a review that was to be completed by March 31.”

Hughes denied delaying the report but declined to give a release date, saying only that it would come “fairly soon.”

A recent Global News investigation found that over the past 37 years, Alberta’s extensive network of pipelines has experienced 28,666 crude oil spills in total, plus another 31,453 spills of a variety of other liquids used in oil and gas production — from salt water to liquid petroleum. That averages out to two crude oil spills a day, every day.

As concerns mount over Apache’s delay in detecting and reporting its extensive toxic waste spill, Bloomberg reported on Tuesday that TransCanada is not planning to use the external leak detection tools recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency for its proposed Keystone XL pipeline. As a result, the State Department concludes “Keystone XL would have to be spilling more than 12,000 barrels a day — or 1.5 percent of its 830,000 barrel capacity — before its currently planned internal spill-detection systems would trigger an alarm.”

Health

Everything You Need To Know About The 20-Week Abortion Ban Advancing In The House

Rep. Trent Franks (R-AZ) (Credit: Bill Clark/CQ Roll Call)

On Tuesday, the House of Representatives will vote on the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act, a measure spearheaded by Reps. Trent Franks (R-AZ) and Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) that would cut off legal access to abortion services at 20 weeks after fertilization. It represents the most restrictive abortion bill to come to a vote in either chamber over the past decade. Here’s what you need to know about this attack on women’s reproductive rights — and how it fits into a broader, coordinated nationwide campaign to slowly chip away at abortion access:

It’s based on the scientifically-disputed theory that fetuses can feel pain before the third trimester of pregnancy.

So-called “fetal pain” measures are based on junk science that represents a minority position among medical professionals. Most doctors don’t believe that fetuses can feel pain until much later in pregnancy, after the point of viability (generally considered to be around 24 weeks), and scientific research has repeatedly confirmed this position. Nevertheless, abortion opponents have successfully stoked emotional outrage surrounding later-term abortion — particularly following the high-profile murder trial of illegal abortion provider Kermit Gosnell — by twisting the facts to make it appear that these abortions are always barbaric procedures.

It has sparked more controversy over Republicans’ attitudes toward rape.

The original version of Franks’ legislation did not include an exception for victims of rape or incest. Defending the lack of an exception in these cases, the Arizona congressman last week claimed that “the incidence of rape resulting in pregnancy are very low.” Franks is just the latest Republican to make an offensive comment about rape victims, and his comments inspired comparisons to former Rep. Todd Akin’s (R-MO) infamous assertion that women don’t often get pregnant from “legitimate rape” because the body “has ways of shutting that whole thing down.” Following the controversy that erupted from his statements, Franks revised the legislation at the last minute to include an exemption for survivors of rape and incest — but only if rape victims first report the sexual crime to the police, and if incest victims are minors.

Abortions after 20 weeks are already extremely rare, and the women who need them are usually in the most desperate of circumstances.

Although Franks claimed he didn’t need to legislate rape victims’ reproductive rights because the instances of pregnancies resulting from rape are “very low,” the instances of abortions after 20 weeks are actually much lower than that. Pregnancy results from rape an estimated 5 percent of the time, while abortions after 20 weeks represent just one percent of all abortions. The women who seek out this type of later abortion procedure tend to fall into one of two categories: the economically disadvantaged women who need to delay abortion until they can save up the money for it, and the women who discover serious fetal health issues only after their pregnancy has advanced. Criminalizing abortion after 20 weeks will force some women to give birth to fetuses with no brain function — or other types of fatal anomalies — and watch their children suffer outside of the womb during their short lives.

The national legislation initially started out as an abortion restriction for the women who live in Washington, DC.

Franks has repeatedly attempted to impose his anti-abortion agenda on the women living in the nation’s capitol. Because the District of Columbia does not have its own representation in Congress, lawmakers from other areas often use it as their legislative playground. Franks’ fetal pain measure failed last year, but that didn’t stop him from re-introducing it — and eventually expanding it to apply to women in every state. The Republican lawmaker said that Gosnell’s crimes compelled him to restrict abortion access not just for DC women, but for women across the entire country.

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Sports

PHOTOS: Brazilians Flood Streets To Protest World Cup Spending, Government Corruption

Hundreds of thousands of Brazilians poured into the streets of at least 25 cities across the country Monday, blanketing the streets of major cities like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and climbing to the roof of the Brazilian National Congress in Brasilia, the nation’s capital. The protests, sparked last week by a smaller demonstration against fare hikes on public buses, are taking place around the Confederations Cup, the soccer tournament that began Saturday as a tune-up for Brazil’s 2014 hosting of the World Cup.

The World Cup has become a symbol of corruption and overspending in the country. Brazil, originally slated to spend less than $1 billion in private funding on soccer stadiums, has already spent more than $3 billion, most of which has come from public funds. Meanwhile, schools and hospitals are overcrowded, understaffed, and underfunded, infrastructure is crumbling, and income inequality is rising as Brazil’s minimum wage remains low. The money spent on the World Cup, the protesters say, would be better spent on efforts to help ordinary Brazilians.

Though there were small pockets of violence during demonstrations in some cities, the vast majority of the protests remained peaceful, according to local news reports. Here are pictures from Monday’s protests:

An estimated 100,000 protested in Rio de Janeiro. (Credit: AP)

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Health

How Obamacare Is Trying To Make It Easier For Poor Americans To Pay For Their Health Insurance

(Credit: Shutterstock)

Officials overseeing the implementation of the Affordable Care Act have proposed rules to require that insurance companies accept a variety of payment methods, including cashier’s checks, money orders, and re-loadable pre-paid debit cards. That’s expected to help millions of low-income Americans — many of whom don’t have access to credit cards and checking accounts — who will receive federal tax credits to purchase insurance through Obamacare’s statewide marketplaces.

The health law extends premium subsidies to American households making up to 400 percent of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL), or about $94,200 for a family of four.

But many of the people gaining insurance through Obamacare’s marketplaces will be relatively poor, since higher-paying jobs tend to come with employer-sponsored health coverage. That could wind up being a problem when they try to pay their monthly premium under the law, because a large number of lower-income people don’t have checking accounts or do business with banks, despite the increasingly electronic nature of money transfers.

CNNMoney reports that 10 million U.S. households don’t have bank accounts at all, and according to one study cited by Kaiser Health News, one in four Americans who will qualify for premium subsidies through the health law don’t have checking accounts or a credit card.

These Americans have to rely on the sort of alternative payment methods that federal officials are now encouraging. Critics may point out that some of these methods — particularly debit card transaction — carry transaction fees, and could lead insurers to pass the cost of those charges onto low-income Americans.

But as Kaiser Health News notes, another Obamacare consumer protection will shield consumers from potential price gouging by insurers: the so-called “80/20 rule” that requires individual and small group health plans to spend at least 80 percent of the premiums they charge Americans on actual health care, rather than administrative overhead or profit. Card transaction fees are considered to be administrative, meaning that insurers would have to include those costs as part of their 20 percent overhead limit.

Alyssa

How Hollywood’s Disinterest In Women Could Waste A Generation Of Outrageously Talented Actresses

Last week, NPR’s Linda Holmes did the math on movies that were screening in the Washington, DC-area on Friday, and calculated that of the 617 movie showings on the calendar, 90 percent of them were for movies about men, and only one of the movies in theaters was directed by a woman. And this is in a major metropolitan area.

“I want to stress this again: In many, many parts of the country right now, if you want to go to see a movie in the theater and see a current movie about a woman — any story about any woman that isn’t a documentary or a cartoon — you can’t. You cannot,” Holmes wrote. “There are not any. You cannot take yourself to one, take your friend to one, take your daughter to one. There are not any.”

This is terrifying not just because of what it says about how limited the choices for consumers are, particularly in the dude-heavy summer blockbuster season, or about failures of the movie market that don’t seem to happen in, for example, book publishing. Holmes’ piece scared me not just because of what it says about how Hollywood studios and Hollywood filmmakers think about women, or because of what these numbers suggest about how the rise of the international film market is making female characters less valuable, though those things are depressing too. Actually, I think the idea of women literally fading from our movie screens like Hermione Granger from the photos in her parents house after she casts a spell on them to erase herself from their lives scares me most because it means we could waste an outrageously talented generation of young female actors on the rise.
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Immigration

Congressman Opposes Immigration Reform Because He Fears Latino Voters

Rep. Kenny Marchant (R-TX)

Rep. Kenny Marchant (R-TX) on Monday told the AP that he doesn’t support comprehensive immigration reform that includes a pathway to citizenship because it might get him voted out of office.

Marchant represents Dallas, Texas, where there are estimated to be thousands of undocumented people residing. His district is 24 percent Hispanic. Yet, he was quite straightforward when explaining that these numbers worked against him, and informed his opposition to reform:

“It’s hard to argue with the polling they’ve been getting from the national level,” said Rep. Kenny Marchant, R-Texas, referring to signs of serious problems for Republican presidential candidates if immigration laws aren’t rewritten. “I just don’t experience it locally.”

The proposed immigration overhaul “is very unpopular in my district,” said Marchant, who represents suburbs west of Dallas. “The Republican primary voters, they’re being pretty vocal with me on this subject.” Besides, he said, “if you give the legal right to vote to 10 Hispanics in my district, seven to eight of them are going to vote Democrat.”

Marchant’s website explains that the Congressman “is strongly opposed to amnesty for illegal aliens because amnesty rewards those who choose to break our nation’s laws, and only serves to encourage and incentivize the flood of illegal immigration plaguing our nation today.” But his comments make it clear that he isn’t just in it for the morality play.

Of course, Marchant is not alone; the article also references several other members of Congress who oppose reform for self-serving reasons. Rep. Tom Cole (R-OK) said that getting to a bipartisan agreement on immigration reform “can cause you a big problem in your primary” because it requires getting “a deal with a Democratic Senate and a Democratic president.” Meanwhile, Rep. Charles Boustany (R-LA) said flat-out, “Every member in the House is looking at the immigration debate through a prism of what’s of concern in their district.”

Of the 232 Republicans in the U.S. House of Representatives, only 40 Congressmen represent districts with a Hispanic population at or larger than 20 percent, and only 16 have districts that are more than a third Hispanic. “In all,” Nate Silver writes, “84 percent of House Republicans represent districts that are 20 percent or less Hispanic.” This gives little electoral bargaining power to the communities that would be most affected by a change in immigration policy.

Update

On Tuesday, National Journal reported that Rep. Michael Burgess (R-TX) was similarly worried about the political repercussions of a pathway to citizenship. In a closed-door meeting with Republicans, Burgess apparently joked about the “11 million undocumented Democrats” who could get to vote if a pathway were enacted.

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Security

How Edward Snowden’s New Leaks Are Distracting From The Conversation He Wanted

Former NSA contractor Edward Snowden (Credit: The Guardian)

Two weeks ago, the first leaks regarding the National Security Agency’s troubling spying programs’ became public, leading to calls for increased scrutiny in how these actions affect the American public. In the intervening weeks, however, the focus has shifted away from the potential violation of civil liberties and towards the functions of the NSA in general — and that’s a problem.

The revelations to the Guardian of the NSA’s secret court orders to siphon metadata from the majority of Americans’ cell phone conversations launched wide-ranging concern over the program. That only increased with the disclosure of further programs from the agency — with codenames like PRISM and BLARNEY — that allow access to the content of information sent across some of the Internet’s most popular platforms. The response from privacy advocates across the political spectrum has been condemnation of the programs’ secrecy and overarching intrusiveness on the part of the federal government.

However, that focus on the potential violations of civil liberties is being undercut the more former NSA contractor Edward Snowden reveals. The shift began with the news that President Obama had signed off on a directive to begin planning for how the United States could bring to bear offensive capabilities in cyberspace and against whom. A summary of the directive had been made public months earlier, but the directive itself had remained classified and secret until it was first reported in the Guardian. While the previous leaks had been related to the public’s right to know about what actions the government was taking against U.S. citizens, the cyberwar document could not be considered the same.

Likewise, the next scoop featured what was touted as an all-seeing system through which the NSA could easily sort through where the communications data it collects came from — including the United States. Its existence has caused no small amount of trouble for Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, who had previously indicated to Congress that the NSA did not collect this type of information from Americans without a warrant. “Not wittingly, there are cases where they could inadvertently perhaps collect, but not wittingly,” Clapper told Congress at the time. What the program — known as Boundless Informant — revealed, however, went beyond the information collected on U.S. citizens, instead also detailing the NSA’s collection work from networks in Iran, India, and Pakistan.
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