Wells Fargo is the latest bank to ramp up new forms of risky trading in advance of the Volcker Rule, a regulation included in the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act meant to make banks safer by prohibiting certain types of trades that helped trigger the global financial crisis in 2009. The rule bans proprietary trading, in which banks bet their own money for the sole purpose of turning large profits, at financial institutions that have the backing of taxpayers.

While some banks have done away with such trading, Wells Fargo is increasing it by relying solely on its own funds to invest in private equity markets, a practice known as “merchant banking” that will likely be allowed by the finalized Volcker Rule. That sort of banking, however, may turn out to be even more dangerous than the prop trading the Volcker Rule prohibits, Reuters reports:

Their decisions may run counter to rulemakers’ efforts to make the financial system safer. The merchant banking that Wells Fargo is embracing is riskier than investing in private equity funds with outside investors, where a bank shares any losses with others. Some critics warn that the Volcker Rule is banning the safer of the two activities, and allowing the one that could lead to bigger losses for a bank.

Some argue that banks should be blocked from any form of private equity investing. Sheila Bair, the former chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp, which guarantees the deposits of banks like Wells Fargo, said private equity and merchant banking are too far removed from regular banking.

“Is that really what you want institutions that have safety net support doing? Is that an appropriate use for a government backstop?” she told Reuters.

Wells Fargo’s quest for profits even through risky means is yet another indication that many Wall Street banks, undeterred by the financial collapse, are seeking any loophole they can find to continue raking in huge profits regardless of the potential cost. In January, Bloomberg reported that Goldman Sachs had set up a secret hedge fund-like entity meant to skirt the Volcker Rule, and banks have been fighting to weaken the rule since before Dodd-Frank became law. Those efforts have continued since, even in the face of the stunning JP Morgan Chase trading loss that prompted Senate Democrats to call for the closure of massive loophole that exists in the draft version of the rule.

Former bank executives, however, have made the case that a strong Volcker Rule is “necessary to correct a mistake that poses a major risk to our economy.” And while a forceful Volcker Rule would indeed make large banks less profitable, it would do so in a way that would also ensure that they pose less of a risk to the health of the American economy.

Wells Fargo, one of the biggest banks in the U.S., has been at the epicenter of Wall Street malfeasance over the last several years, with its fingerprints all over the housing crisis and the subsequent foreclosure fraud scandal. As Naked Capitalism’s Yves Smith put it, Wells Fargo “has an annoying habit of piously claiming it is better than other servicers when it engages in the same indefensible conduct as its peers.”

Earlier this year, a judge blasted the bank’s foreclosure process, saying, that it “prefers to rely on the ignorance of borrowers or their inability to fund a challenge to its demands, rather than voluntarily relinquish gains obtained through improper accounting methods.” Now, the bank has left a family’s vacation home in ruins, after a contractor it hired broke in and stole the family’s belongings due to a mistaken foreclosure filing:

A local couple’s dreams have been shattered by a foreclosure mistake that left their retirement home in ruins.

When banks take over foreclosed homes, they often try to salvage the contents inside to recoup their losses. But what if they have no right to those contents in the first place? Alvin Tjosaas says that scenario is all too real for him. [...]

The house recently had valuables stored in the garage, including decades worth of family heirlooms. But the house was in ruins after Tjosaas says subcontractors hired by Wells Fargo entered the property with a foreclosure notice in hand. The notice had the name Stephen A. Janosik on it, but the address for the Tjosaas family home…Tjosaas says the subcontractors broke down doors, smashed windows, tore down walls, taking anything of value to sell later on.

Wells Fargo said in a statement after the fact, “We are deeply sorry for the very personal losses the Tjosaas family suffered as a result of their home being mistakenly secured and entered by an outside party hired to address a different nearby property. We are moving quickly to reach out to the Tjosaas family to resolve this unfortunate situation in an attempt to right this wrong.”

Wells Fargo is not the only bank to pull this particular trick: Bank of America once padlocked the wrong house due to a document error, stealing a woman’s pet parrot in the process. But this episode shows that, as much as the biggest banks have promised to clean up their act, the foreclosure process is still badly broken and marred with errors.

Activists from the 99 Percent Movement took to the streets across America to mark May Day on Tuesday, but their campaign against Wall Street is just beginning. In the month of May, activist groups and religious leaders will again turn their focus to urging customers to move their money from Wall Street banks.

Last week, religious leaders and activists targeted Wells Fargo’s annual meeting, where they protested the bank’s predatory and often discriminatory practices and its lack of accountability for its role in the financial crisis that crippled the American economy. Next week, protesters will target Bank of America’s annual meeting, attempting to call attention to the same problems. Throughout the month, a diverse group of activists will push customers to move their money from Wall Street to community banks and credit unions, according to a press release from New Bottom Line, an organizing group that has dubbed May “Move Our Money Month”:

On May 9, thousands of people associated with the 99% Power Movement — families facing foreclosure, clergy, students, seniors, environmentalists, and others — will descend on Bank of America’s shareholder meeting in Charlotte, NC to urge the bank to keep families in their homes, pay its fair share of taxes, and stop choking democracy through massive campaign contributions. If Bank of America does not enact new policies that are more responsive to the communities it serves, large numbers of customers are expected to close their accounts. [...]

“The 99 percent are making their voices heard by moving their money out of the big banks that wrecked the economy and are doing nothing to fix it. This spring, there will be more people attending bank shareholders meetings than at any point in history and we will see more people severing their relationships with the big banks in favor of smaller institutions that are responsive to community concerns,” said Ilana Berger, Co-Director of The New Bottom Line.

The 99 Percent Movement has successfully targeted Wall Street banks with “Move Your Money” campaigns since last fall, when hundreds of thousands of people switched from large banks to credit unions in October and 40,000 more joined on a single day — known as “Bank Transfer Day” — in early November. Churches and faith leaders joined the cause, targeting banks for dodging taxes and unfair mortgage practices. Churches moved $55 million from Wall Street before Thanksgiving, and San Francisco faith leaders moved another $10 million from Wells Fargo in February.

Such campaigns are expected to have profound impacts on Wall Street’s bottom lines. A Wall Street consulting firm reported in November that the nation’s 10 largest banks could lose as much as $185 billion in deposits over the next year thanks to customer defections, and Bank of America — the activists’ next target — is the most vulnerable among them. According to the report, it could lose 10 percent of its customers and $42 billion by the end of 2012.

Protesters gathered last week outside the California home of Wells Fargo Chief Financial Officer Tim Sloan, where one homeowner was arrested while trying to deliver her mortgage payment directly to Sloan.

Ana Casas Wilson, a California homeowner who has cerebral palsy that forces her to use a motorized wheel chair, waited on Sloan’s front porch so she could hand him a payment on her foreclosed home. Casas Wilson has lived in her home for 27 years, but fell behind on her payments during a hospital stay. Wells Fargo, she said, has been unwilling to negotiate a modification, even though she is again able to make regular payments. After police allowed her to remain on Sloan’s porch for 15 minutes, she was arrested when she refused to leave, the Los Angeles Times reports:

Just before 8 p.m., about 90 minutes into the demonstration, police formed a line around the home, declared the assembly illegal and ordered the group to move 75 feet up the street.

Casas Wilson refused to go and was taken to San Marino police headquarters with the assistance of San Marino Fire Department paramedics.

Casas Wilson isn’t alone. Banks have used shady foreclosure processes throughout the housing crisis, and Wells Fargo has been one of the worst offenders. It has used fraudulent practices like robo-signing, foreclosed on homes over clerical errors, and used a process known as dual-tracking — in which it advises customers on loan modifications while also pursuing foreclosure. Wells Fargo was part of a $25 billion mortgage fraud settlement with state attorneys generals and the federal government and has had to pay multi-million-dollar settlements when homeowners took the bank to court.

The practices have hit homeowners who are struggling for various reasons, whether because of unemployment, rising health care costs, or disability. In March, Bank of America foreclosed on a homeowner who took out a loan to make her house more accessible to her disabled daughter, even after the bank offered a modification. “I’m doing this because people need to see what the banks are doing. It’s awful. It has to stop,” Casas Wilson told the Pasadena Sun. “When I was down and out in the hospital they took my house.”

Clergy member holds up Wells Fargo share outside the bank's shareholder meeting (via PICO National Network)

Hundreds of protesters, including religious leaders, union workers, and other 99 Percent Movement activists, gathered outside Wells Fargo’s shareholder meeting in San Francisco today, protesting the bank’s fraudulent foreclosure practices. Wells Fargo, the nation’s largest mortgage servicer, has a well-documented history of using fraudulent practices like robo-signing, and even more came to light last week when an insider account detailed the bank’s foreclosure unit as operating “exactly like an assembly line.”

Ahead of the protests, a Wells Fargo spokesperson told San Francisco’s ABC news affiliate that the bank has paid taxes and is a “responsible corporate citizen” that “makes an effort to keep people in their homes“:

Wells Fargo spokesman Ruben Pulido released a statement early this morning saying the bank is a “responsible corporate citizen” and paid $6 billion in taxes for 2011.

“Wells Fargo makes efforts to keep people in their homes,” Pulido said. “Over the past year, less than 2 percent of owner-occupied loans in our servicing portfolio have resulted in foreclosures.”

Wells Fargo was among 30 corporations that paid nothing in federal income taxes from 2008-2010 — its tax rate over that time period, in fact, was -1.4 percent. Adding 2011 to that time period just barely inches the bank’s rate into the positive.

The idea that Wells Fargo makes every attempt to keep homeowners in their homes, meanwhile, is laughable. The bank has been among the worst perpetrators of practices like robo-signing and dual tracking — the process of simultaneously offering homeowners loan modifications while also pushing them toward foreclosure. It has wrongly foreclosed on homes it didn’t own, and its victims may include thousands of members of the American military.

The initial protests drew roughly 500 people, according to early reports from a local NBC affiliate. Early marches through the city shut down numerous San Francisco streets and remained peaceful, according to NBC, though there have been arrests reported on Twitter. Later, there were more than a thousand protesters, according to other estimates, and clergy members and protesters who had purchased shares in Wells Fargo attempted to enter the meeting. Here are some pictures of the protest:

This isn’t the first time religious leaders or Occupiers have targeted Wells at its San Francisco headquarters. Local churches moved $10 million from the bank in February to protest its foreclosure practices, and they held Ash Wednesday services outside Wells Fargo asking it to repent for its wrongful practices.

That Wells Fargo has fraudulently processed mortgage documents using a process called robo-signing has been evident for nearly two years, since scandal enveloped the mortgage industry in 2010. That it kept doing it even after the scandal broke has been known for months. The practice, at Wells Fargo and other Wall Street banks, has led to waves of improper foreclosures and a $25 billion settlement with the federal government and state attorneys general.

A new report from MSNBC, however, provided an inside account of how Wells Fargo’s robo-signing department works. Unqualified employees with salaries ranging from $30,000 to $50,000 are given titles like “vice president of loan documentation” so they can sign foreclosure documents. Actual supervisors institute quotas on employees, forcing them to sign a certain number of foreclosure files each day — sometimes telling them they can’t eat breakfast or take lunch until they’re done. Documents required for homeowners to avoid foreclosure were ignored, left sitting on an unattended fax machine.

The result: the nation’s largest mortgage servicer often improperly foreclosed on homeowners who weren’t past due or owed little interest while pushing the files out the door as fast as possible, as an insider told MSNBC:

Some families apparently were denied loan modifications after only cursory interviews, she said. Other borrowers applying for help sent comprehensive personal financial documents to a fax machine that she discovered had been unattended for weeks. Others landed in foreclosure after owing interest payments of as little as $1.18 a day, according to documents she said she reviewed. [...]

“There was one file where they weren’t even past due and they were in foreclosure status,” the loan processor said. “They’re pushing these files and pushing these files….”

The MSNBC report comes just a month after a similar report from the inspector general of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, which found many of the same occurrences at Wells Fargo. In that report, Wells Fargo allegedly put an employee who had previously sold pizza in charge of loan documentation. Worse yet, the report found that executives at the banks knew about the practices and refused to stop them.

Higher-ups at Wells Fargo, however, are still denying that these abuses take place. “No one here is asked to sign anything they don’t understand. Period. End of story,” Michael DeVito, executive vice president of Wells Fargo’s Home Mortgage Default Servicing, told MSNBC. “There’s no production quota and if a team member says, ‘I don’t understand this I’m not going to sign it,’ that’s fine.”

Another Wells Fargo employee had a different account. “It’s exactly like an assembly line,” a loan processor told MSNBC. “You sign it, you push it off to a notary, they stamp it, you put it in a box and it goes somewhere else.” The next step, unfortunately, is that someone loses their home.

Scandal enveloped multiple Wall Street megabanks in 2010 when it was discovered that throughout the housing bust and the foreclosure crisis that ensued, the nation’s largest banks were caught robo-signing — the practice of approving foreclosures without verifying mortgage information and fabricating other loan documents. At the time, the banks promised to end the practice and attempted to escape blame by tying the scandal to low-level employees.

In reality, bank managers knew about the potentially illegal and fraudulent practices and in some cases directed them, according to a report by the inspector general of the Department of Housing and Urban Development. At Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and other banks, documents were rarely verified, and even when employees raised concerns they were told by management to proceed, the New York Times reports:

At Wells Fargo, now the nation’s largest mortgage servicer and originator, employees told the inspector general’s office that the company’s management had assigned them bogus titles, including “vice president of loan documentation,” even though they had no training in document review. Before becoming vice president, one employee worked at a pizza restaurant. [...]

As at Wells Fargo, employees at JPMorgan Chase took on titles like “vice president of Chase Home” even though “the titles were given by Chase for the sole purpose of allowing individuals to sign documents and came with no other duties or authority.”

There were other indications that management knew about the practices. At Bank of America, employees raised concerns but were told by management to proceed; Wells Fargo squashed a study into foreclosure practices and told the employee conducting the study to continue signing documents without reading or verifying data; and Citigroup management admitted that the bank regularly signed foreclosure documents without verification, even as the bank was telling regulators that internal reviews found its practices to be sound. Despite promises to stop when the scandal broke, banks continued robo-signing for at least another year.

The IG report falls in line with recent accounts provided by former Wall Street employees and whistleblowers. A Bank of America whistleblower last week said the bank had intentionally prevented homeowners from getting federal mortgage help, and a former JPMorgan employee told Reuters in November that exploiting consumers was “the purpose of the banking industry.” An investigation into 400 San Francisco-area foreclosure cases, meanwhile, found that nearly every one of them had potential legal issues.

“I believe the reports we just released will leave the reader asking one question — how could so many people have participated in this misconduct?” HUD Inspector General David Montoya said in a statement. “The answer — simple greed.”

Among Wall Street banks, Wells Fargo has been one of the biggest perpetrators of fraud, deception, and abuse during the housing and foreclosure crisis. The bank has used robo-signers to fraudulently sign foreclosure documents, foreclosed on homeowners who followed the bank’s directions, and illegally foreclosed on military veterans.

Now, Wells Fargo and other banks have found another way to mislead consumers. While trying to sell the properties it holds in foreclosure, Wells Fargo has urged real estate agents not to disclose that such properties are bank-owned, and in other cases, it has used divisions it owns to avoid identifying itself as the owner of foreclosed homes, the Palm Beach Post reports. Under such conditions, would-be homeowners don’t discover that the property is in foreclosure until they place a contract on the house:

It’s a little-known fact that Wells Fargo Bank’s Premier Asset Services division, which sells bank-owned homes, instructs agents who sell these houses to list the owner as “Owner of Record,” and not Wells Fargo. Premier Asset Services also sells homes owned by other banks.

The Multiple Listing Service, which is used by real estate agents to list properties, includes a category for bank-owned property. But here again, agents are told by many banks not to disclose the fact that the property is, in fact, owned by a bank. [...]

If a buyer wishes to put a contract on a bank-owned home, then it will become clear through paperwork the property is a foreclosure, and any defects or repairs can be corrected or reflected in the sales price, Smith said.

Wells Fargo makes such strident efforts to avoid labeling homes as “bank-owned” because there is a “negative connotation” associated with those properties, Tyler Smith, a vice president at Premier Asset Services, said. But as consumer activists told the Post, many home buyers aren’t interested in such properties because bank-owned homes often have “deferred maintenance, hidden defects and a host of problems caused by neglect or vandalism,” as the banks often ignore their foreclosed-upon properties.

Worse yet, Smith acknowledged that the practices were deceptive in nature, but said the bank’s true motivation for misleading customers was to protect local communities. In reality, though, the decision likely boils down to money. “There’s definitely a perception the bank is going to sell the property for a lower price than if it was a regular seller of a home in a neighborhood,” a local real estate attorney told the Post. “The bank wants as much money as it can get because it’s costing (the bank) homeowners association fees and insurance.”

Angry at the Wall Street banks that were at the center of the financial meltdown, Americans have spent the last six months moving their money to credit unions and community banks in unprecedented numbers. More than 650,000 people moved to credit unions in one month last year, and 5.6 million Americans switched banks in the last three months.

Religious organizations have been at the forefront of movements to get consumers to move their money. The New Bottom Line, a coalition of faith groups, pledged to move $1 billion this year, and before Thanksgiving, churches moved $55 million away from Wall Street banks with pledges to remove as much as $100 million more. This week, churches in San Francisco announced they were moving another $10 million, Faith in Public Life reports:

This week, a group of clergy in San Francisco added another $10 million to that total with an Ash Wednesday press conference calling on Wells Fargo to put an immediate freeze on its foreclosures and repent for their misconduct.

Watch a news report about the group’s efforts:

Wells Fargo issued a statement on the protest, saying, “We make every effort to avoid foreclosure.” The bank’s practices, however, tell a different story. Last July, it foreclosed on a family after telling it to skip payments in order to get a loan modification. It was found to have engaged in discriminatory lending practices, investigated for illegal foreclosures on military veterans, and fined for its subprime lending practices.

According to consulting firms, the nation’s 10 biggest banks could lose $185 million in customer deposits because of customer defections.