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Justice

New Research Suggests William Rehnquist Lied About Explosive Memo Backing Racial Segregation

Chief Justice William Rehnquist

Chief Justice William Rehnquist (1924-2005)

During his 1971 Supreme Court confirmation process — and again in 1986, when he was elevated to chief justice, William Rehnquist was forced to explain a 1951 memo he’d written, as a clerk to then-Justice Robert H. Jackson. He told the Senate the document, which argued that the court should preserve “separate-but-equal” racial segregation in the Brown v. Board of Education case, was merely written as “a statement of Justice Jackson’s tentative views for his own use.”

Rehnquist’s memo said:

I realize that it is an unpopular and unhumanitarian position, for which I have been excoriated by “liberal” colleagues, but I think Plessy v. Ferguson was right and should be re-affirmed.

Jackson and the unanimous court ended up rejecting the “tentative view,” overturning Plessy‘s embarrassing holding that public accommodations could legally be segregated along racial lines.

A Boston College Law Review article examines another newly discovered letter from Rehnquist highly critical of his former boss, calling Justice Jackson “half-cocked” and predicting he would not leave “a lasting influence on the court.” The letter, the authors say, appears to show “Rehnquist’s disappointment with Brown and the beginning of his outspoken criticism of the Warren Court.” The letter and other clues raise significant doubt about the veracity of Rehqnuist’s explanations of the 1951 memo. Had they been discovered at the time, the authors suspect, it “would have been a bombshell at his Supreme Court confirmation hearings in 1971 and 1986.”

Instead, Rehnquist got to sit for more than 33 years on the high court — 19 of them as chief justice. Over that time he joined in countless opinions and dissents attempting to deny civil rights protections to LGBT Americans, oppose Affirmative Action, restrict freedom of speech, and undermine the separation of church and state.

Yglesias

Activist Judges

260px-earl_warren-1

I just watched Robert Gibbs go through an incredibly frustrating debate over whether or not the criteria President Obama has laid out for judges means he’s going to appoint some of the dread “activist judges” to the Supreme Court.

I wish progressives wouldn’t be so defensive about this. The idea of an “activist judge” is something that was cooked up by white supremacists in the 1950s and 60s who didn’t like judges bossing people around and telling them they had to let black people vote and go to school. To me, frankly, it’s a bit shocking that modern-day conservatives are still so eager to associate themselves with the legacy of the racist backlash of a couple of generations ago.

The term is nonsensical on its face. Is the idea that judges should be passive? Just not issue rulings on constitutional questions? That’s absurd. Is the idea that judges should never strike down laws as unconstitutional? For one thing, conservative judges do it all the time. But more importantly, why would we have a system of judicial review if the ideal of judging was to never strike a law down? It’s a nonsense debate. As no less a figure than William Rehnquist explained in a memo written when he was in the Nixon justice department “A judge who is a ‘strict constructionist’ in constitutional matters will generally not be favorably inclined toward claims of either criminal defendants or civil rights plaintiffs—the latter two groups having been the principal beneficiaries of the Supreme Court’s ‘broad constructionist’ reading of the constitution.” I think it’s fair to have a real debate about this, but let’s not BS around about “activists” and “strict construction.”

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