The bailout legislation passed by Congress and signed into law by President Bush on Friday has a $17 billion energy tax package. This post will focus on the clean energy credits. Part 2 will focus on the dirty ones.
The biggest winner is certainly solar. As Scott Sklar, former head of the Solar Energy Industries Association and now President of the Stella Group summarizes:
This package extends the 30-percent federal investment tax credit for both residential and commercial solar, small wind, ground-coupled heat pumps installations from 4–8 years. This bill also completely eliminates the $2,000 monetary cap for residential solar electric installations. This bill also provides a [new] ITC for water energy applications (tidal, wave, and ocean currents and thermal) and combined heat and power. The federal production tax credit was extened for biomass power, geothermal and wind energy as well.
In particular, the 8-year extension of the ITC for is a crucial step in ensuring the success in this country of one of the most critical climate solutions — solar baseload or concentrated stored thermal electric. Everyone I spoke to in the industry thought this was the single most important thing the federal government could do to provide for stable growth.
Plug in hybrids also got a very big boost that should help jump-start the market:
Phaseout of the credit is to begin after the total number of qualified PHEVs in the US sold after 31 December 2008 is at least 250,000.
Qualifying vehicles must have a battery pack with at least 4 kWh of capacity — a provision that will preclude the inclusion of the first generation of Toyota PHEVs as well, potentially, as other lower all-electric range plug-ins.
You may notice that $417/kwh seems like an awfully non-round number compared to, say, the Gang-of-20 draft bill, which had an identical formula except it used $400/kwh. According to Edmunds Green Car Advisor blog, the Chevy Volt has a 16-kilowatt-hour battery. So the $417 just happens to be just what is needed to give the Volt the full $7500 tax credit. Glad to know somebody writing this bill was looking out for General Motors and can do math!
This is a heck of a kickstart for plug-in hybrids, especially since $1 billion has been set aside for this tax credit. The Electric Drive Transportation Association also reports “The credit is available against the alternative minimum tax,” which is very good news. That means the upscale first buyers of this $45,000 car will actually be able to take advantage of this credit (see here).
Lots of other clean technologies benefited. For instance, “The measure increases the tax credit limitation for fuel cells from $500 to $1,500 per half kilowatt of capacity.” Frankly, $500 was the equivalent of doing nothing, whereas $1,500 may actually make some stationary fuel cells competitive. Geothermal heat pumps and cogeneration systems both get a well-deserved new 10% ITC.
The most complete summary of all the clean (and dirty) provisions that I have found on line so far is at this DailyKos post. Here is a list of the key energy conservation and efficiency provisions:
- authorizes the issuance of qualified energy conservation bonds to finance local government conservation and greenhouse gas reduction projects;
- extends the tax deduction for energy efficient commercial buildings through 2013;
- extends the new energy efficient home tax credit ($1,000 for homes meeting 30 percent efficiency standard, $2,000 for homes meeting 50 percent efficiency standard) through 2009;
- revises the amounts allowable under the tax credit for energy efficient appliances produced after 2007 (i.e., dish washers, clothes washers, and refrigerators) and extends such credit through 2010;
- allows an accelerated recovery period for the depreciation of qualified smart electric meters and smart electric grid systems;
- extends through FY2012 the authority to issue tax-exempt bonds for qualified green building and sustainable design projects.
Some of this is certainly useful, but serious energy efficiency for homes and commercial buildings can be achieved only by aggressive new building codes and appliance standards and by having every state adopt electric utility regulations as good as those in California (see “Energy efficiency, Part 4: How does California do it so consistently and cost-effectively?”)
The bottom line: This is a small but important down payment on jumpstarting the clean tech transition, especially for solar and plug-ins. Part 2 will look at the dirty stuff in the bailout.